Ureteroscopy (URS) allows a urologist to examine and treat problems inside the ureter and kidney. During the procedure, the doctor passes a thin instrument through the urinary tract. Therefore, URS does not require an external surgical cut.
Doctors commonly recommend ureteroscopy for urinary stones. However, they may also perform it to investigate bleeding, narrowing or other urinary tract problems.
When Is Ureteroscopy Needed?
A urologist may recommend ureteroscopy when imaging tests identify a problem in the ureter or kidney. In addition, the procedure can help when symptoms continue without a clear cause.
Kidney or Ureteral Stones
Stones can cause pain, bleeding or urinary blockage. Therefore, the doctor may use URS to locate and treat them.
Ureteral Obstruction
Stones, scar tissue or narrowing can block urine flow. In this situation, ureteroscopy helps the doctor find and treat the obstruction.
Suspected Urinary Tract Tumour
A doctor may recommend URS after detecting an unusual growth. During the procedure, the doctor can inspect the area and collect a tissue sample.
Blood in the Urine
Unexplained blood in the urine requires medical evaluation. As a result, the urologist may perform ureteroscopy to examine the upper urinary tract.
Ureteral Stricture
A ureteral stricture narrows the ureter and restricts urine flow. Therefore, the doctor may use URS to examine or treat the narrowed area.
Recurring Urinary Infections
Stones or urinary blockages may contribute to repeated infections. Consequently, the urologist may recommend URS to identify an underlying cause.
Follow-Up After Previous Treatment
Sometimes, doctors perform ureteroscopy after stone treatment or another urinary procedure. This follow-up allows them to check the result and address any remaining problem.
Preparation for Ureteroscopy
Before the procedure, the medical team reviews the patient’s health and medications. The doctor may also request blood tests, urine tests or imaging scans.
In addition, the patient may need to stop eating and drinking for a specific period. However, patients should follow only the instructions provided by their medical team.
Patients should tell the doctor about blood-thinning medicines, allergies and existing medical conditions. Moreover, they should report symptoms of a urinary infection before the procedure.
Ureteroscopy Procedure: Step by Step
1. Administration of Anaesthesia
First, the anaesthesia team provides suitable anaesthesia. General anaesthesia commonly keeps the patient asleep and comfortable during the procedure.
2. Patient Positioning
Next, the medical team positions the patient on the procedure table. The team also cleans and prepares the treatment area.
3. Examination of the Bladder
Then, the urologist passes a cystoscope through the urethra and into the bladder. This instrument helps the doctor locate the opening of the ureter.
4. Insertion of the Ureteroscope
After that, the doctor guides the ureteroscope into the ureter. When necessary, the doctor advances it towards the kidney.
5. Examination and Diagnosis
The ureteroscope provides a clear view of the urinary tract. Therefore, the doctor can identify stones, tumours, strictures or other abnormalities.
6. Treatment During URS
If the doctor finds a stone, specialised instruments can remove it. Alternatively, laser energy can break the stone into smaller fragments.
The doctor may also collect a tissue sample from a suspicious area. In addition, specialised tools can help treat certain strictures or obstructions.
7. Ureteral Stent Placement
Sometimes, the doctor places a ureteral stent to support urine flow. The stent can also help the ureter heal after treatment.
However, not every patient requires a stent. The doctor decides according to the procedure and the patient’s condition.
8. Completion of the Procedure
Finally, the urologist removes the ureteroscope and other instruments. The medical team then moves the patient to a recovery area.
How Long Does Ureteroscopy Take?
The duration depends on the location and complexity of the problem. Many procedures take approximately 30 to 90 minutes. However, complex cases may require more time.
Many patients return home on the same day. Nevertheless, the doctor may recommend observation or an overnight stay in some cases.
Benefits of Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy offers several potential benefits for suitable patients:
- No external surgical incision
- Direct examination of the ureter and kidney
- Diagnosis and treatment during one procedure
- Effective treatment for many urinary stones
- Access to stones in different urinary tract locations
- Collection of tissue samples when necessary
- A relatively short recovery period for many patients
However, treatment results can vary. Stone size, location, anatomy and overall health may affect the outcome.
Recovery After Ureteroscopy
After URS, patients may experience mild burning during urination. They may also notice urinary urgency, discomfort or a small amount of blood in the urine.
Furthermore, a ureteral stent may cause bladder irritation or flank discomfort. These symptoms often improve after the doctor removes the stent.
During recovery, patients should follow their doctor’s instructions carefully. They should also take prescribed medicines and attend follow-up appointments.
Although many people resume light activities within a few days, recovery time varies. Therefore, patients should ask their doctor when they can return to work, exercise or driving.
Possible Risks of Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy is a common procedure, but every medical procedure has potential risks. These may include:
- Urinary tract infection
- Bleeding
- Pain or discomfort
- Temporary difficulty urinating
- Injury to the ureter
- Ureteral narrowing
- Need for an additional procedure
- Anaesthesia-related complications
Patients should discuss their individual risks with a qualified urologist before treatment.
When Should You Contact Your Doctor?
After the procedure, contact the treating doctor if symptoms become severe or unusual. In particular, seek medical advice for:
- Fever or chills
- Severe or increasing pain
- Heavy bleeding or blood clots
- Inability to urinate
- Persistent nausea or vomiting
- Signs of infection
Conclusion
Ureteroscopy helps urologists diagnose and treat conditions inside the ureter and kidney. Most commonly, doctors use the procedure to manage kidney and ureteral stones.
Moreover, URS provides direct access to the urinary tract without an external incision. Recovery is often relatively quick, although results and recovery times vary.
Patients should consult a qualified urologist for personalised advice. The doctor can explain the expected benefits, possible risks and available treatment options.
This content provides general educational information and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
