The main instrument used in SWL is the lithotripter — a specialized medical device designed to generate and focus shock waves to break kidney or ureteral stones.
Step-by-Step Instruments Used in Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL)
1. Pre-Procedure Stage
Patient Evaluation – Ultrasound Machine | X-ray/CT Scanner – To locate the stone and assess size/location
Vital Monitoring – BP Monitor | ECG Monitor – To monitor heart rate, oxygen, blood pressure
Sedation (if required) – IV line, syringes, anesthetic setup – For patient comfort and pain control
2. Positioning and Preparation
Positioning Patient – Adjustable SWL Table – To properly align the patient with the machine
Shock Transmission Medium – Water cushion, gel pad, or water bath – Helps conduct shock waves to the body
3. Lithotripsy Procedure
Stone Localization – Fluoroscopy or Ultrasound Guidance – Real-time targeting of the stone
Shock Wave Delivery – Lithotripter Machine – Generates and focuses shock waves on stone
Types of Lithotripters:
Electrohydraulic Lithotripter
Electromagnetic Lithotripter
Piezoelectric Lithotripter
4. Post-Procedure Monitoring
Vital Sign Monitoring – ECG, Pulse Oximeter, BP Monitor – To check patient stability after treatment
Urine Output Observation – Urine collection system, Urinometer – To detect stone fragments and urine flow
Follow-Up Imaging – Ultrasound or X-ray – To confirm stone clearance
