What Is TURP Surgery?
A Complete Guide to Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
As men age, prostate enlargement becomes increasingly common. This condition, known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), can make urination difficult and affect quality of life. When medications no longer provide adequate relief, doctors may recommend a surgical procedure such as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP).
TURP is a minimally invasive procedure that removes excess prostate tissue through the natural urinary passage. Unlike traditional open surgery, the procedure does not require an external incision. This approach can reduce postoperative discomfort and support a faster recovery.
During TURP, a urologist uses a specialized instrument called a resectoscope. The surgeon guides the instrument through the urethra to reach the enlarged prostate. A cutting loop then removes the tissue that blocks the flow of urine.
Why Is TURP Surgery Performed?
Doctors may recommend TURP when an enlarged prostate causes persistent urinary symptoms or leads to complications. The procedure can help improve urine flow and reduce problems associated with bladder outlet obstruction.
Common symptoms of an enlarged prostate include:
- Frequent urination, particularly at night
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak or interrupted urine stream
- A feeling that the bladder does not empty completely
- A sudden or frequent urge to urinate
- Pain or burning during urination
- Blood in the urine
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Urinary retention or inability to urinate
If these symptoms become severe or interfere with everyday activities, a urologist may recommend further evaluation and treatment.
Who Is a Candidate for TURP?
TURP may be suitable for patients with moderate to severe symptoms caused by BPH. Doctors consider several factors before recommending the procedure, including prostate size, urinary symptoms, medication response, bladder function, and overall health.
Doctors may consider TURP for patients who:
- Have moderate to severe BPH symptoms
- Do not receive sufficient relief from medication
- Experience repeated episodes of urinary retention
- Develop bladder stones related to prostate enlargement
- Have recurrent urinary tract infections
- Develop complications from prolonged urinary obstruction
A urologist will perform the necessary examinations and tests before deciding whether TURP is appropriate. The treatment plan may vary from one patient to another.
How Is TURP Surgery Performed?
How Is TURP Surgery Performed?
A urologist usually performs TURP under spinal or general anesthesia. The surgical team monitors the patient throughout the procedure to maintain safety and comfort.
Step 1: Anesthesia
The anesthesia team administers spinal or general anesthesia. This helps the patient remain comfortable during the procedure.
Step 2: Insertion of the Resectoscope
The surgeon gently guides a resectoscope through the urethra until it reaches the prostate. The instrument provides a clear view of the surgical area.
Step 3: Removal of Excess Prostate Tissue
The surgeon uses an electrical cutting loop to remove enlarged prostate tissue that obstructs urine flow. The surgeon removes the tissue carefully while preserving the surrounding structures.
Step 4: Irrigation
Irrigation fluid flows through the instrument during the procedure. It helps maintain visibility and carries tissue fragments away from the surgical field.
Step 5: Catheter Placement
After removing the obstructing tissue, the surgical team places a urinary catheter. The catheter allows urine to drain while the treated area begins to heal.
The procedure commonly takes around 45–90 minutes, although the actual duration can vary depending on prostate size, surgical technique, and individual patient factors.
